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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Quality documentation and reporting share essential characteristics that ensure they are practical and valuable resources for those who use them. These characteristics are:
Factual:  
The following points emphasize the significance of upholding accurate and unbiased documentation in healthcare.
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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Indication or diagnosis should be required on prescriptions.

Michael T Rupp1, Terri L Warholak2, Anita C Murcko3

  • 1Midwestern University College of Pharmacy-Glendale Campus, Glendale, AZ.

Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacists

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy practice and drug safety.
  • Healthcare law and ethics.

Background:

  • Prospective drug utilization review and patient counseling are key pharmacist responsibilities.
  • The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 legally mandated these pharmacist duties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the legal and ethical obligations of pharmacists in patient care.
  • To highlight the importance of informing pharmacists about clinical indications for prescriptions.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing legislation and professional standards.
  • It analyzes the impact of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 on pharmacy practice.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacists have legal, ethical, and professional responsibilities in prescription drug management.

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  • Informed pharmacists are crucial for ensuring safe and effective pharmaceutical care.
  • Providing clinical indications to pharmacists is a critical, yet often overlooked, step.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ensuring the prescriber-patient-pharmacist triad is informed is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Mandating the provision of clinical indications to pharmacists is a necessary advancement in pharmaceutical care.