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TH2 sensitization in the skin-gut-brain axis: How early-life Th2-mediated inflammation may negatively perpetuate

LaDonya Jackson-Cowan1, Emily F Cole2, Jack L Arbiser2

  • 1AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA.

Pediatric Dermatology
|August 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with atopic diseases show higher rates of developmental delays. This review explores how T helper-2 (Th2) inflammation may impact brain development and cognitive function in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Atopic diseases like eczema and asthma are linked to increased developmental delays in children.
  • T helper-2 (Th2) driven inflammation, common in atopic conditions, is hypothesized to negatively affect brain development.
  • Existing research suggests a connection between Th2 sensitization and cognitive dysfunction, but more investigation is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Th2 sensitization in the skin-gut-brain axis and its potential impact on the developing brain.
  • To explore the association between Th2 sensitization and various developmental abnormalities, including developmental delays, memory impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy.
  • To examine the link between Th2 sensitization and psychological dysfunction, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the impact of Th2 sensitization on the developing brain.
  • Examination of the effects of increased Interleukin-4 (IL-4) exposure in early life.
  • Analysis of the influence of early-life exposure to glucocorticoids and neurotrophins.

Main Results:

  • Th2 sensitization may lead to reduced brain connectivity and impaired neural transmission.
  • Increased IL-4 exposure in early life is associated with potential neurodevelopmental and psychological issues.
  • Early-life exposure to glucocorticoids and neurotrophins also impacts brain development.

Conclusions:

  • Th2 sensitization is a potential contributor to developmental and psychological dysfunctions in children.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the mechanisms linking atopic inflammation and neurodevelopment.
  • Future interventions targeting Th2 inflammation may help mitigate developmental and psychological problems in affected children.

Keywords:
atopic dermatitiscognitive dysfunctioninflammation

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