Efficient design optimization of a miniaturized thermoelectric generator for electrically active implants based on parametric model order reduction

This research focuses on the design of a miniaturized thermoelectric generator (TEG) for electrically active implants. Its design optimization is performed using the finite element method. A simplified TEG model is obtained by replacing the thermocouple array with a single representative thermopile, which considers the number and fill factor of the thermocouples as parameters. Instead of rebuilding the geometry of a detailed model with multiple thermocouples, the simplified model adapts the material properties of its representative thermopile, facilitating design optimization. We extend the model by integrating the simplified TEG together with a housing inside a human tissue model for thermoelectric analysis. For computation efficiency and applicability of model order reduction (MOR), a thermal model is derived from the thermoelectric one, with the Peltier effect being considered through an effective thermal conductivity. Through parametric MOR, two parametric reduced-order models are generated from the full-scale thermoelectric and thermal model, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the design optimization of TEG both in full-scale and reduced-order model for maximal power output and sufficient voltage output.