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Meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2018
Jakub Zbrzeźniak1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1
1National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Departament of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|August 2, 2021
Summary
In 2018, Poland saw a 14.7% rise in meningitis and/or encephalitis cases, primarily driven by viral infections. Bacterial meningitis incidence decreased, except for Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting challenges in diagnosing viral etiologies.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Meningitis and encephalitis are significant infectious diseases affecting the nervous system, with distinct bacterial and viral etiologies.
- Key pathogens include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, necessitating focused epidemiological surveillance and vaccination strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the 2018 epidemiological landscape of meningitis and encephalitis within Poland.
- To analyze trends in incidence and etiological factors of these neurological infections.
Main Methods:
- Assessment utilized data from the 2018 annual bulletins on "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland" and "Vaccinations in Poland."
- Epidemiological data for meningitis and encephalitis cases were analyzed for the specified year.
Main Results:
- A total of 2406 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis were recorded in Poland in 2018, marking a 14.7% increase from 2017.
- Viral infections rose from 1212 to 1533 cases (63.7% of total), while bacterial infections slightly decreased from 886 to 873.
- Cases caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae declined, but Streptococcus pneumoniae infections increased by 19.8% (212 cases).
Conclusions:
- A rising trend in viral meningitis and/or encephalitis cases was observed, contrasting with stable or declining rates for some bacterial pathogens due to vaccination.
- Despite vaccination successes against Haemophilus influenzae and meningococcal infections, challenges persist in diagnosing viral etiologies and identifying specific etiological factors.
- Meningitis and encephalitis continue to pose significant challenges for healthcare systems and epidemiological surveillance, particularly in determining causative agents.
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