A monoclonal antibody neutralizes pesudorabies virus by blocking gD binding to the receptor nectin-1

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was isolated from some human cases recently and the infected patients manifested respiratory dysfunction and acute neurological symptoms. However, no effective drug or vaccine, preventing the progression of PRV infection, is available. Nectin-1 was the only reported receptor for PRV cell entry both swine and human origin, representing an excellent target to block PRV infection, and especially its transmission from pigs to humans. A PRV-gD specific mAbs (10B6) was isolated from hybridomas and its neutralizing activities in vitro and in vivo were determined. 10B6 exhibited effective neutralizing activities in vitro with IC₅₀ = 2.514 μg/ml and 4.297 μg/ml in the presence and absence of complement. And in vivo, 10B6 provided 100% protection against PRV lethal challenge with a dose of 15 mg/kg. Further, 10B6 could bind to a conserved epitope, ³¹⁶QPAEPFP³²², locating in gD pro-fusion domain, and finally blocks the binding of PRV-gD to nectin-1. Moreover, 10B6 showed an effective inhibition on PRV cell-attachment in a cell type-independent manner and could also block the virus spreading among cells. 10B6 exhibited effectively neutralizing activities to Chinese PRV variant strain in vitro and in vivo by blocking gD binding to nectin-1, implied both prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against PRV infections.