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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

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High-purity solid parahydrogen.

Ashok Bhandari1, Alexandar P Rollings1, Levi Ratto1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 3, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a cryogenic catalyst to purify hydrogen, significantly reducing orthohydrogen impurities in solid hydrogen matrices. This advancement enhances the performance of alkali atom quantum sensors by minimizing magnetic noise.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Sensing
  • Materials Science
  • Atomic Physics

Background:

  • Alkali atoms in solid hydrogen matrices exhibit long electron spin coherence, vital for quantum sensing applications.
  • Spin coherence is degraded by magnetic noise from orthohydrogen impurities within the parahydrogen matrix.
  • Existing methods for reducing orthohydrogen require complex setups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient method for producing high-purity parahydrogen for solid matrices.
  • To minimize orthohydrogen impurities below 10⁻⁶ in solid hydrogen.
  • To enhance the coherence times of alkali atom quantum sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single cryostat housing a cryogenic catalyst to convert orthohydrogen to parahydrogen in the gas phase.
  • Grew solid hydrogen matrices from the purified parahydrogen gas.
  • Employed spectroscopy to verify orthohydrogen impurity levels and assess isotopic purification.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful operation of the cryogenic catalyst down to 8 K.
  • Spectroscopically confirmed orthohydrogen impurity levels below 10⁻⁶ in the solid matrix.
  • Observed isotopic purification, reducing the HD fraction at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • A single-cryostat system with a cryogenic catalyst effectively produces ultra-pure parahydrogen.
  • This method significantly reduces orthohydrogen impurities, paving the way for improved quantum sensor performance.
  • The catalyst also offers isotopic purification benefits for solid hydrogen matrix applications.