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In situ microscopy for plasma erosion of complex surfaces.

Angelica Ottaviano¹, Anirudh Thuppul¹, John Hayes¹

¹Plasma and Space Propulsion Laboratory, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|August 3, 2021

Summary

A new long-distance microscopy method visualizes and measures plasma-surface erosion in real-time. This technique quantifies material changes, aiding the development of components for fusion and propulsion systems.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Plasma Physics
Surface Science

Background:

Plasma-facing components are crucial for various high-energy devices.
Understanding plasma-surface interactions, like ion-induced sputter erosion, is vital for component longevity.
Existing in situ monitoring methods have limitations in resolution and depth of field.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel in situ visualization and profilometry technique for plasma-facing surfaces.
To enable high-resolution, time-resolved monitoring of material evolution during plasma exposure.
To quantify the erosion of aluminum foam under specific ion-bombardment conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a long-distance microscope for in situ imaging of material surfaces.
Employed focus variation of image stacks for height surface profilometry, extending the depth of field.
Quantified the erosion of aluminum foam in a low-temperature argon plasma (7 eV electron temperature) with 300 eV ion bombardment.

Main Results:

Achieved 3D height maps with 3 × 3 μm² x-y resolution and 20 μm focus-variation resolution.
Observed a total surface recession of 730 μm and significant ligament thinning in aluminum foam over 330 minutes of plasma exposure.
Demonstrated the capability for detailed, time-resolved analysis of microscopic surface morphological changes.

Conclusions:

The developed long-distance microscopy technique offers effective in situ monitoring of plasma-surface interactions.
This method provides crucial data for understanding and predicting material degradation under plasma exposure.
The technique is applicable to developing and optimizing plasma-facing components for diverse applications including propulsion, manufacturing, hypersonics, and fusion.