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Identifying the Assumptions and Bias That Affect Screening and Brief Interventions for Harmful Alcohol Use
1Brenda Johnston, DNP, PMHNP, PMHCNS, Shepherd University School of Nursing, Shepherdstown, WV, USA.
Background:
Screening for harmful alcohol use (HAU) is standard in clinical settings; however, self-reports of the quantity/frequency of use are often inconsistent with population survey data and objective assessment. Inaccuracies of self-reported alcohol use prompt exploration of patients' reluctance to share this information with their health care providers.
Objectives:
The purpose of this article is to identify the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU.
Method:
A total of 22 research articles were selected for a systematic review of the literature. The studies included prospective and retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials, case studies, and quantitative and qualitative research from 2015 to 2021.
Results:
This systematic review identified alcohol health literacy, the inherent bias of surveys and screening tools, stigma, avoidance bias, and the normalization/villainization of alcohol use as contributors to the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU.
Conclusions:
Exploring these assumptions and biases presents opportunities to develop strategies that promote positive change.
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