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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dose-ranging studies in humans: A systematic review

R K Lucinde1, G Ong'ayo1, C Houlihan2

  • 1KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), Centre for Geographic Medical Research - Coast (CGMRC), Kilifi, Kenya.

Vaccine
|August 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) doses show varied immunogenicity. Even fractional doses may aid in developing new vaccines for children and infants, ensuring protective antibody responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading bacterial pathogen in young children.
  • Antibody responses to the pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule are key for vaccine protection.
  • The study investigates the link between pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) polysaccharide dose and immunogenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between varying polysaccharide doses in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and their immunogenicity.
  • To assess antibody responses elicited by different PCV doses in humans.
  • To inform the development of future vaccine formulations.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search of Medline and Embase (Ovid SP) was conducted in August 2019.
  • Included studies evaluated human administration of PCVs with varying serotype-specific saccharide doses.
  • Results were descriptively synthesized due to heterogeneity in vaccine products and schedules.

Main Results:

  • Nine studies met inclusion criteria, evaluating polysaccharide doses from 0.44 mcg to 17.6 mcg.
  • In infants, all tested doses induced IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) above the correlate of protection (COP).
  • Adults consistently achieved protective GMCs, while some infant doses showed variability in sustained protection.

Conclusions:

  • Dose-response relationships varied among pneumococcal serotypes; some showed increases with dose, others did not.
  • Fractional polysaccharide doses may be valuable for developing higher valency or dose-sparing vaccines.
  • Further research into fractional doses could optimize pediatric vaccine strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Dose-rangeImmunogenicityPneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Systematic review

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