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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Colloidal science
  • Computational physics

Background:

  • Understanding non-equilibrium systems is crucial for designing advanced materials.
  • Active colloids with dynamic interactions present unique challenges to traditional statistical mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the influence of binary interaction switching on colloidal systems.
  • Analyze non-equilibrium structure, density profiles, and phase behavior.
  • Explore the transition from equilibrium-like to non-equilibrium states.

Main Methods:

  • Reactive dynamical density functional theory (R-DDFT) simulations.
  • Reactive Brownian dynamics (R-BD) simulations.
  • Extension of R-DDFT with the Percus test-particle route.

Main Results:

  • Switching activity significantly modifies steady-state density profiles and pair correlations.
  • Switching rate controls the system's behavior, interpolating between equilibrium and non-equilibrium states.
  • High switching rates lead to an effective one-component system, potentially behaving as an ideal gas.

Conclusions:

  • The switching rate is a key parameter for tuning colloidal system properties.
  • Dynamically controlled phase separation and micro-clustering are achievable.
  • R-DDFT and R-BD simulations provide accurate predictions for these active colloidal systems.