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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

51
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
51
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

48
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
48
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

38
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
38
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

97
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
97
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

36
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
36
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

30
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
30

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Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Aged.

James Isaacs1, Scott Antonia2, Jeffrey Clarke2

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Current Oncology Reports
|August 3, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly patients benefit similarly from immune checkpoint blockade therapy, with no increased toxicity. Treatment decisions should consider individual health status, not just age, for optimal outcomes in cancer care.

Keywords:
AgedAnti-CTLA4Anti-PD-1CytokinesGeriatric assessmentImmune ageImmune checkpoint blockadeImmunosenescenceMemory T cellsToxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is effective in various cancers.
  • Aged populations are underrepresented in clinical trials.
  • Immunosenescence may impact ICB efficacy in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ICB in elderly cancer patients.
  • To understand the impact of age-related immune changes on ICB treatment.
  • To guide clinical decision-making for ICB therapy in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prospective trials, retrospective cohorts, and registry data.
  • Analysis of clinical evidence regarding ICB in elderly populations.
  • Assessment of factors influencing ICB outcomes in aged patients.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients derive similar benefits from ICB compared to younger populations.
  • No significant increase in toxicity was observed in aged patients receiving ICB.
  • Poor performance status, not age alone, is linked to inferior outcomes with ICB.

Conclusions:

  • Age is not a barrier to ICB efficacy or safety.
  • Individualized assessment of patient health status is crucial for ICB treatment decisions.
  • ICB offers a viable therapeutic option for elderly cancer patients.