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Updated: Oct 26, 2025
Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
Published on: May 3, 2018
Reference values of central blood pressure and central haemodynamic parameters and their relationship with
Marta Gómez-Sánchez1, Leticia Gómez-Sánchez1, Carmen Patino-Alonso1,2
1Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL).
Objectives:
Central blood pressure (BP) predicts mortality independent of office brachial BP. The aim was to describe reference values for central blood pressure and pulsatile hemodynamic parameters, and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in an adult Spanish population without cardiovascular disease.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study. We included 501 participants stratified by age and sex by random sampling, with a mean age of 56 years (50.3% women). The SphygmoCor System device's pulse wave analysis software was used to perform the measurements.
Results:
The following values were obtained: central blood pressure median (109/76 mmHg), central pulse pressure (33 mmHg), pulse pressure amplification (8.5 mmHg), ejection duration (130 ms) and subendocardial viability ratio (163%). All parameters were greater in men, except heart rate and ejection duration. In the logistic regression analysis, controlled for age, sex and taking antihypertensive drugs, being hypertensive was associated with cSBP (OR = 1.265), cDBP (OR = 1.307), cPP (OR = 1.067), pulse wave amplification (OR = 1.034) and SEVR (OR = 0.982); being diabetic was associated with SEVR (OR = 0.982); being obese was associated with cSBP (OR = 1.028) and cDBP (OR = 1.058) and being a smoker was associated with ejection duration (OR = 0.980) and SEVR (OR = 0.984).
Conclusion:
This study provides reference values for central blood pressure and parameters derived from the pulse wave analysis in a random sample of the Spanish population. The only risk factor that is not associated with any of the parameters analysed is dyslipidaemia.
Trial Registration Number:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02623894.
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