Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
06:57

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

3.4K

The Effect of COVID-19 on Adult Cardiac Surgery in the United States in 717 103 Patients

Tom C Nguyen1, Vinod H Thourani2, Alexander P Nissen3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant drop in adult cardiac surgeries nationwide, especially elective procedures. Mortality rates for some surgeries increased, and surgical volumes did not fully recover post-surge.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, with the United States experiencing a high mortality rate.
  • Limited data exists on the effects of COVID-19 on adult cardiac surgery trends and outcomes nationally and regionally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of COVID-19 on adult cardiac surgery volume, trends, and outcomes.
  • To assess national and regional variations in surgical case reduction and mortality during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (2018-2020) and the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 database (2020-2021).
  • Analyzed surgical and COVID-19 volumes, trends, and outcomes on national and regional levels.
  • Employed observed-to-expected ratios to evaluate risk-adjustable mortality.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 717,103 adult cardiac surgery patients and over 20 million COVID-19 patients.
  • Observed a 52.7% national reduction in adult cardiac surgery volume, with a 65.5% decrease in elective cases.
  • The Mid-Atlantic and New England regions experienced significant reductions (up to 80% for elective cases) and a 1.48-fold increase in observed-to-expected mortality for isolated coronary bypass surgery during the initial surge.
  • Nationwide cardiac surgery volumes did not return to pre-pandemic baseline levels.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic decrease in adult cardiac surgery volume.
  • The Mid-Atlantic and New England regions were disproportionately affected during the initial COVID-19 surge.
  • A concurrent rise in observed-to-expected 30-day mortality was noted alongside the reduction in surgical procedures.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China08:42

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China

Published on: February 11, 2022

3.7K
Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training09:15

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training

Published on: February 10, 2022

3.8K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
73
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
217
Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
315
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
73
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
62
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
100