The association between vitamin D and uveitis: A comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Ophthalmology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Vitamin D is a crucial regulator of innate and adaptive immunity.
• Uveitis is a group of inflammatory eye conditions with significant visual morbidity.
• The relationship between vitamin D status and uveitis requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize published data on the association between vitamin D levels or gene polymorphisms and uveitis.
• To identify specific uveitic entities potentially modulated by vitamin D.
• To explore the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and potential management of noninfectious uveitis.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Medline databases.
• Studies investigating the link between vitamin D and uveitis were identified and selected.
• A systematic review of sixteen relevant studies was conducted.

Main Results:

• Compelling evidence links low vitamin D levels (hypovitaminosis D) with increased risk and modulation of uveitis.
• Hypovitaminosis D is associated with HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, sarcoidosis-associated uveitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis.
• Specific vitamin D gene polymorphisms correlate with uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and HLA B27-positive patients.

Conclusions:

• Low vitamin D levels are strongly associated with various forms of noninfectious uveitis.
• Vitamin D gene variations may influence susceptibility to certain uveitic conditions.
• Further research into vitamin D's role could enhance uveitis prevention and treatment strategies.