Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

Cerebrospinal Fluid

3.7K
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
3.7K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

57
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
57

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy of codesigned COVID-19 booster vaccine promotion materials for long-term care staff: a cluster-randomized trial.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Effect of Opt-Out HIV Testing for Adolescent Patients on a Pediatric Hospital Medicine Service.

Hospital pediatrics·2026
Same author

Continuous production of recombinant adeno-associated virus in the insect cell/baculovirus expression vector system.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

Mental health diagnoses among patients with complex hypospadias.

World journal of urology·2026
Same author

Management of Cushing's Disease in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Feasibility and signals of efficacy of the Type 1 Diabetes Education and Support (T1DES) intervention to improve diabetes distress and glycemic levels among Black young adults with type 1 diabetes compared to standard diabetes education: study protocol for a randomized pilot trial.

Pilot and feasibility studies·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice
08:23

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice

Published on: November 29, 2019

11.2K

Determining Normative Values for Cerebrospinal Fluid Profiles in Infants.

Gargi Mukherjee1, Rabbia Waris2, Willi Rechler3

  • 1Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia gmukher@emory.edu.

Hospital Pediatrics
|August 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study established age-specific reference values for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles in infants up to 90 days old. Findings reveal distinct CSF white blood cell counts, protein, and glucose levels that change with infant age.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants
09:47

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants

Published on: March 11, 2013

23.4K
Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
11:39

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

20.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice
08:23

Quantitative Measurement of Intrathecally Synthesized Proteins in Mice

Published on: November 29, 2019

11.2K
Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants
09:47

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants

Published on: March 11, 2013

23.4K
Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
11:39

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

20.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Previous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reference value studies lacked sufficient sample size and rigorous exclusion criteria.
  • Establishing accurate normative CSF profiles is crucial for diagnosing infections and neurological conditions in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine age-specific normative values for CSF white blood cell count (WBC), glucose, and protein in infants up to 90 days old.
  • To provide updated reference ranges for pediatric CSF analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 1029 infants ≤90 days old undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture (2008-2016).
  • Strict exclusion criteria were applied, including meningitis, bacteremia, UTI, HSV PCR positivity, traumatic taps, prematurity, and recent antibiotic use.
  • CSF WBC, differential, protein, glucose, and enterovirus PCR data were analyzed and compared across age groups (0-28, 29-60, 61-90 days).

Main Results:

  • CSF white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly higher in neonates (0-28 days) compared to older infants (29-90 days) (median 3 vs. 2; 95th percentile 14 vs. 7-11).
  • CSF protein levels significantly decreased, while glucose levels significantly increased with each month of infant age.
  • Monocytes were the predominant cell type in the CSF WBC differential for the studied infant population.

Conclusions:

  • Age-specific normative CSF profile values were successfully determined for infants aged 0 to 90 days.
  • These findings provide essential reference ranges for the interpretation of CSF analysis in young infants.
  • The study highlights the dynamic changes in CSF composition during early infancy.