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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice

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Published on: July 29, 2022

Typhoid and Enteric Fevers in Intensive Care Unit.

Banambar Ray¹, Abhijeet Raha¹

¹Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sum Ultimate Medicare, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

|August 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella bacteria, is a serious infection spread through contaminated food and water, particularly affecting developing nations. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial, though antibiotic resistance is a growing concern.

Keywords:

Ceftriaxone Enteric fever Fever Fluoroquinolones Gram-negative bacilli ICU

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Microbiology
Public Health

Background:

Enteric fever, encompassing typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, is caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi.
Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route, primarily through contaminated water and food, with developing countries bearing the highest burden.
The incubation period ranges from 7 to 21 days, with common symptoms including fever, abdominal pain, and relative bradycardia.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of enteric fever.
To highlight the complications and intensive care unit (ICU) management of severe enteric fever cases.
To discuss the challenge of increasing antibiotic resistance in Salmonella species.

Main Methods:

Literature review of enteric fever, focusing on diagnostic methods and treatment options.
Analysis of clinical features, including typical symptoms and potential complications like intestinal bleeding and perforation.
Examination of current antibiotic choices and emerging resistance patterns.

Main Results:

Blood culture, the gold standard, has limited sensitivity for diagnosing enteric fever.
Commonly recommended antibiotics include fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and azithromycin.
Increasing resistance to these antibiotics poses a significant challenge in treatment.
Complications such as intestinal perforation, peritonitis, and secondary sepsis necessitate ICU admission.

Conclusions:

Enteric fever requires prompt diagnosis and management, with careful consideration of antibiotic resistance.
Effective public health measures targeting water and food safety are essential for prevention.
Severe cases with complications demand intensive care unit support and management.