Rapid Fabrication of Patterned Gels via Microchannel-Conformal Frontal Polymerization

From the perspective of both fundamental and applied science, it is extremely advisable to develop a facile and feasible strategy for fabricating gels with defined structures. Herein, the authors report the rapid synthesis of patterned gels by conducting frontal polymerization (FP) at millimeter-scale (2 mm), where a series of microchannels, including linear-, parallel-, divergent-, snakelike-, circular- and concentric circular channels, were used. They have investigated the effect of various factors (monomer mass ratio, channel size, initiator concentration, and solvent content) on FP at millimeter-scale, along with the propagating rule of the front during FP in these microchannels. In addition, we developed a new microfluidic-assisted FP (MFP) strategy by combining the FP and microfluidic technique. Interestingly, the MFP can realize the production of hollow-structured gel in a rapid and continuous fashion, which have never been reported. Our work not only offers an effective pathway towards patterned gels by the microchannel-conformal FP, but also gives new insight into the continuous production of hollow-structured materials. Such a method will be beneficial for fabricating vessel and scaffold materials in a flexible, easy-to-perform, time and energy saving way.