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Graphene oxide-reinforced pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex scaffolds.

P R Sivashankari1, K Krishna Kumar2, M Devendiran3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.

Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition
|August 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed graphene oxide (GO) incorporated pectin/chitosan (PCGO) scaffolds using freeze-drying. These 3D porous PCGO scaffolds show enhanced thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength, making them promising for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
Pectinchitosancytocompatibilitygraphene oxidescaffoldstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing advanced 3D porous scaffolds is crucial for tissue engineering.
  • Pectin and chitosan are biocompatible polymers with potential for scaffold fabrication.
  • Incorporating graphene oxide can enhance the properties of polymer-based scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds from graphene oxide (GO) incorporated pectin/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PCGO).
  • To evaluate the impact of GO incorporation on the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the scaffolds.
  • To assess the suitability of these PCGO scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PCGO scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique.
  • Characterization of chemical composition and microstructure via FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal Raman mapping.
  • Thermal stability assessment using TGA analysis.
  • Morphological analysis using SEM.
  • Evaluation of hydrophilicity (water swelling, water retention, water contact angle), mechanical properties (compressive strength), degradation resistance, and biocompatibility (bio- and hemocompatibility, cell attachment).

Main Results:

  • GO was successfully incorporated and uniformly distributed within the pectin/chitosan matrix.
  • GO incorporation enhanced the thermal stability of the PCGO scaffolds.
  • Scaffolds exhibited uniform pore distribution, with pore size decreasing as GO content increased.
  • PCGO scaffolds with 1 wt.% GO showed improved hydrophilicity (2004% swelling, 1101% retention, 21° WCA), enhanced compressive strength (∼283 kPa), and resistance to degradation.
  • Acceptable bio- and hemocompatibility were observed, with GO concentration-dependent cell attachment.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PCGO scaffolds possess desirable properties including enhanced thermal stability, tunable porosity, improved mechanical strength, and good biocompatibility.
  • The 1 wt.% GO incorporated PCGO scaffolds demonstrate superior hydrophilicity and mechanical integrity.
  • These findings highlight the potential of PCGO scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications.