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Communicating Data, Information, and Knowledge in the Nursing Handoff.

Benjamin J Galatzan¹, Jane M Carrington

¹Author Affiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing (Dr Galatzan); and College of Nursing Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville (Dr Carrington).

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Summary

Nursing handoff communication is vital for patient safety. This study found that nurse handoffs contain low levels of essential knowledge, increasing the risk of cognitive overload and errors.

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Area of Science:

Nursing
Healthcare Communication
Patient Safety

Background:

Miscommunication during nursing handoffs is a significant cause of adverse patient events.
Effective nursing handoffs are crucial for ensuring continuity of care and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the content of nurse-to-nurse change-of-shift handoff communication.
To examine the balance of data, information, and knowledge in handoffs for patients experiencing clinical events.
To compare bedside versus nonbedside handoff communication content.

Main Methods:

Content analysis of audio-recorded nurse-to-nurse handoffs.
Study conducted in an urban medical center on a medical-surgical unit.
Sample included 19 registered nurse pairs (19 giving, 19 receiving).

Main Results:

Handoffs comprised 34.7% data, 51.7% information, and 13.6% knowledge.
Nonbedside handoffs had higher data and lower information content than bedside handoffs.
Knowledge communication was consistently low (13.6-13.7%) in both handoff types.

Conclusions:

The low percentage of knowledge in nursing handoffs poses a risk for cognitive overload and potential errors.
Improving the knowledge component of nursing handoffs is essential for enhancing patient safety.
Further research should explore strategies to increase knowledge transfer during change-of-shift reports.