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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...

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Cell-Free Dot Blot as a Practical and Adaptable Immunoassay Platform for the Detection of Antibody Response in Human and Animal Sera

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EUAdb: A resource for COVID-19 test development and comparison.

Alyssa Woronik^1,2, Henry W Shaffer¹, Karin Kiontke¹

¹Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.

|August 4, 2021

Summary

A centralized database of COVID-19 diagnostic tests was created to improve SARS-CoV-2 testing efficiency and reproducibility. This resource highlights significant variations in test performance and data quality, aiding future pandemic preparedness.

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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Medical Diagnostics
Infectious Disease Research
Bioinformatics

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical need for efficient and effective global SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Limited access to detailed diagnostic test information hindered reproducibility and informed decision-making.
A centralized resource is essential for comparing innovative diagnostic tools and preparing for future emerging diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a relational database of COVID-19 diagnostic tests authorized by the FDA.
To standardize information on test characteristics, including sensitivity, sample types, and controls.
To facilitate comparison and informed selection of diagnostic tests for various applications.

Main Methods:

Development of a relational database with standardized ontology.
Curation of data on COVID-19 diagnostic tests granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the FDA.
Analysis of test variations through simple database queries.

Main Results:

Significant variability observed among COVID-19 diagnostic tests.
Discrepancies noted in sensitivity (Limit of Detection - LoD), controls, and target utilization.
Inconsistent information provided regarding sample types, reagents, instruments, and result interpretation criteria.

Conclusions:

The developed database reveals substantial heterogeneity in FDA-authorized COVID-19 tests.
Standardized data is crucial for assessing diagnostic test performance and ensuring quality.
This resource can guide the rapid development and deployment of tests for future pandemics.