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Related Concept Videos

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
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Causative Microbes in Host-Microbiome Interactions.

Graham J Britton1,2, Jeremiah J Faith1,2

  • 1Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;

Annual Review of Microbiology
|August 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying specific microbes causing disease is crucial for understanding health and harnessing microbiome therapies. Advances in technology aid in discovering these causative agents and their interactions with the host.

Keywords:
gnotobiotic animalsimmunoregulationlive biotherapeutic productsmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human microbiome's complexity impedes identifying specific causative microbes in diseases.
  • Understanding host-microbiome interactions is vital for disease etiology and therapeutic manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental approaches for identifying causative microbes within the microbiota.
  • To highlight examples of commensals impacting host immunity, inflammation, and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary experimental techniques.
  • Analysis of sequencing technology, animal models, and bacterial culturing advancements.
  • Case studies of specific commensal microbes and their host effects.

Main Results:

  • Technological progress facilitates the discovery of microbes influencing host biology.
  • Specific commensal species demonstrably affect immune, inflammatory, and metabolic processes.
  • Characterization of host-microbiome interaction mechanisms is advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research is needed to overcome challenges in identifying causative microbes.
  • Methodological improvements are essential for accurate characterization of host-microbiome relationships.
  • Harnessing knowledge of causative microbes offers therapeutic potential.