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Assessment of Renal Function Status in Steady-State Sickle Cell Anaemic Children Using Urine Human Neutrophil

Olatubosun Oladipupo Olawale1, Abiodun Folasade Adekanmbi2, Ayobola Abimbola Sonuga3

  • 1Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.

Medical Principles and Practice : International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
|August 4, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with sickle cell anaemia show early signs of kidney damage, indicated by higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Urine NGAL and NCR were not sensitive markers in this young population due to hyperfiltration.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatrics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) involves defective hemoglobin synthesis, leading to endocrine and metabolic issues.
  • Kidney function alterations in SCA are multifactorial and can manifest early in childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess renal function in children with SCA using urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 200 children (5-15 years) in Nigeria (150 SCA, 50 controls).
  • Assayed serum urea, creatinine, urine albumin, and NGAL.
  • Calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine ACR, and urine NGAL/creatinine ratio (NCR).

Main Results:

  • SCA children had significantly lower weight, height, BMI, blood pressure, urea, and creatinine compared to controls.
  • SCA children exhibited significantly higher eGFR, urine albumin, and urine ACR.
  • No significant difference in urine NGAL and NCR between groups, though levels were higher in SCA children.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated urine ACR in SCA children suggests early-onset kidney injury.
  • Urine NGAL and NCR may not be sensitive markers for kidney disease in young SCA patients due to hyperfiltration.
Abstract

Keywords:
Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinRenal functionSickle cell anaemiaUrine albumin creatinine ratio

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