Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Therapy: Basic Physiology and Clinical Applications

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Regenerative Medicine
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Stem cells possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, making them valuable for research and therapy.
• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with potential for tissue repair and immune modulation.
• Current research focuses on enhancing MSC efficiency for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive analysis of stem cell therapeutics in animals.
• To review findings from basic and applied research on animal stem cell therapies.
• To emphasize the clinical applications of stem cells in veterinary regenerative therapy.

Main Methods:

• Classification of stem cells into adult and embryonic stem (ES) cells based on origin.
• Description of ES cell pluripotency and adult stem cell tissue repair functions.
• Detailed explanation of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derivation, properties, and immunomodulatory effects.

Main Results:

• ES cells differentiate into all body cells; adult stem cells repair damaged tissues.
• MSCs proliferate, trans-differentiate, and secrete biomolecules to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
• MSCs can be used in both autologous and allogenic transplantation due to their immunocompromised nature.

Conclusions:

• MSCs, with modifications, are candidates for treating animal wound healing, nerve, and bone/ligament injuries.
• Stem cell therapeutics hold significant promise for improving udder health and milk production in animals.
• Further research and development in MSCs are crucial for advancing veterinary regenerative medicine.