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Hypophyso-gonadal function in the diabetic child.

A Cicognani, F Zappulla, F Bernardi

    Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diabetic boys show impaired hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal function, with lower testosterone response to hCG and reduced pituitary reserves of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This dysfunction is more pronounced in those with a family history of diabetes.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Diabetes Mellitus Research

    Background:

    • Type 1 diabetes can affect various bodily systems, including endocrine function.
    • Early detection of endocrine dysfunction in diabetic children is crucial for long-term health.
    • The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis plays a vital role in pubertal development and reproductive health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate gonadal function and pituitary hormone reserves in diabetic boys compared to healthy controls.
    • To assess the impact of a family history of diabetes on these functions.
    • To identify early signs of endocrine alterations in pediatric diabetes.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 14 diabetic boys and 29 short normal boys.
    • Administered human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 3 days with plasma testosterone assays.

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  • Performed a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone - LHRH test) with intravenous administration.

    • Main Results:

    • Basal testosterone levels were similar, but post-hCG testosterone was significantly lower in diabetic boys (p<0.01).
    • Diabetic boys exhibited lower pituitary LH and FSH reserves compared to controls.
    • Impaired gonadal function was more pronounced in diabetic boys with a family history of diabetes.

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetic children already present with alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.
    • Reduced testosterone response and diminished LH/FSH reserves indicate early endocrine dysfunction.
    • Family history of diabetes may exacerbate these reproductive health issues in affected boys.