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[Environmental factors for the development of hematopoietic neoplasms in children]

Yuhki Koga1,2, Shunichiro Toya1, Masafumi Sanefuji1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|August 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Advanced parental age and prenatal medical irradiation correlate with increased pediatric cancer risk, particularly leukemia. Maternal exposure to anticancer drugs like cyclophosphamide also poses a risk, emphasizing the need for genotoxicity reduction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Parental age at birth is a known factor in various health outcomes.
  • Previous studies have explored links between parental factors and pediatric cancer.
  • The impact of prenatal exposures on childhood cancer development requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between parental age at birth and pediatric cancer risk.
  • To examine the role of prenatal medical irradiation in childhood leukemia.
  • To assess caregiver exposure to anticancer drugs in pediatric cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Japan Children's Cancer Registry data (1985-2007) for parental age effects.
  • Cohort study of 27,335 patients (1969-2006) to assess prenatal irradiation.
  • Biomonitoring of cyclophosphamide (CPM) in mothers and medical staff urine samples.

Main Results:

  • Higher parental age (>40 years) showed a trend towards increased leukemia risk (OR 1.41).
  • Infants born to mothers >40 years had a significantly higher leukemia risk (OR 2.55).
  • Prenatal medical irradiation showed a statistically significant association with higher leukemia risk in earlier birth cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced parental age and prenatal medical irradiation are potential risk factors for pediatric leukemia.
  • Maternal exposure to anticancer drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, is a concern.
  • Reducing genotoxicity in both infants and mothers is critical for pediatric cancer prevention.

Keywords:
Environmental factorsFamily caregiversHazardous drug exposureHematopoietic neoplasms

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