Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbial Nutrition01:28

Microbial Nutrition

575
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
575
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

100
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
100
Environmental Applications of Microorganisms01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

504
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
504
Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry01:27

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

672
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
672
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

422
Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
422
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

5.1K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retina-specific long non-coding RNAs associated with inherited retinal disease genes.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

Enteropathy produced in mice by intergenerational transmission of small intestinal microbiota from undernourished children.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same author

A Pan-Cancer Single-Cell Atlas to Evaluate Tumor Identity, Cell Line Concordance, and Dependency Mapping.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Towards a context-aware framework for cellular senescence.

Biogerontology·2026
Same author

CD163 and Tim-4 identify resident intestinal macrophages that are spatially regulated by TGF-β.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Counting more than beans : A different take on key performance indicators for core facilities.

EMBO reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
06:07

Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells

Published on: June 13, 2020

6.9K

Microbes exploit death-induced nutrient release by gut epithelial cells.

Christopher J Anderson1,2, Christopher B Medina3, Brady J Barron3

  • 1VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.

Nature
|August 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae, thrive on nutrients released from dying mammalian cells. This discovery reveals a new mechanism influencing gut health and disease.

More Related Videos

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.8K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids
10:03

Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids

Published on: August 2, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
06:07

Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells

Published on: June 13, 2020

6.9K
Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.8K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids
10:03

Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids

Published on: August 2, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Regulated cell death is crucial for organism homeostasis, and its dysregulation is linked to gastrointestinal pathologies.
  • The relationship between cell death and gut diseases with microbial involvement is known, but the direct impact of dying cells on bacterial growth remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effect of dying mammalian cells on the growth of gut bacteria.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bacteria exploit nutrients from apoptotic cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized primary mouse colonic tissue, mouse and human cell lines, and various apoptotic triggers.
  • Employed conventional and germ-free mice for in vivo studies.
  • Analyzed transcriptional responses in Salmonella and identified key genes involved in colonization.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian nutrients released during caspase-3/7-dependent apoptosis significantly enhance the growth of Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Identified pyruvate formate-lyase (pflB) as a critical gene for bacterial colonization in models of foodborne infection, TNF/A20-dependent cell death, and chemotherapy-induced mucositis.
  • Demonstrated that dying cell nutrients induce a core transcriptional response in pathogenic Salmonella.

Conclusions:

  • Dying mammalian cells release nutrients that serve as a potent fuel source for intestinal bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae.
  • This host-pathogen interaction provides a new perspective on gut inflammation and the impact of treatments like cytotoxic chemotherapy.