Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Harlequin Ichthyosis

Harlequin ichthyosis is a severe and often fatal form of congenital ichthyosis caused by defective lipid transport which results in a dysfunctional skin barrier. Patients who survive the neonatal period are predisposed to skin infections, sepsis, impaired thermoregulation, and dehydration. The unique skin characteristics can present significant anesthetic challenges. We highlight the relevant anesthetic considerations in a 3-year-old presenting for syndactyly release of the right second and fourth digits. We describe the steps to ensure protection of the fragile skin barrier during establishment of intravenous access and airway management, therefore providing guidance for care of this vulnerable patient population.