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Related Concept Videos

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Mucosal Melanoma: Pathological Evolution, Pathway Dependency and Targeted Therapy.

Yanni Ma1,2, Ronghui Xia3, Xuhui Ma4

  • 1Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|August 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal melanoma (MM), a rare cancer, has a poor prognosis and limited treatments. This review explores MM development, genetic evolution, and potential biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and targeted therapies.

Keywords:
melanocytic lesionsmucosal melanocytesmucosal melanomamutationssignaling dependencytargeted therapy

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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare subtype of melanoma arising in sun-protected areas.
  • MM exhibits a worse prognosis and fewer treatment options compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM).
  • Risk factors and precursor lesions for MM remain poorly understood, hindering early diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of mucosal melanocytes.
  • To elucidate the pathological stages and evolutionary trajectories of oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) from benign to metastatic states.
  • To identify key molecular pathways and potential biomarkers for MM diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current knowledge on MM.
  • Analysis of distinct pathological stages in OMM development.
  • Discussion of altered molecular pathways and targeted therapy strategies.

Main Results:

  • MM development involves complex genetic evolution from benign lesions, with ambiguities requiring further research.
  • Key altered pathways in MM include MAPK, PI3K/AKT, cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, and RNA maturation.
  • Understanding these pathways can guide the development of new biomarkers and targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into MM's genetic evolution is crucial for discovering diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Targeted therapies focusing on identified molecular pathways offer potential for improved MM management.
  • Addressing the ambiguities in MM pathogenesis can lead to better early detection and treatment strategies.