Charge Transfer Gap Tuning via Structural Distortion in Monolayer 1T-NbSe₂

The Mott state in 1T-TaS₂ is predicted to host quantum spin liquids (QSLs). However, its insulating mechanism is controversial due to complications from interlayer coupling. Here, we study the charge transfer state in monolayer 1T-NbSe₂, an electronic analogue to TaS₂ exempt from interlayer coupling, using spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. Monolayer NbSe₂ surprisingly displays two types of star of David (SD) motifs with different charge transfer gap sizes, which are interconvertible via temperature variation. In addition, bilayer 1T-NbSe₂ shows a Mott collapse by interlayer coupling. Our calculation unveils that the two types of SDs possess distinct structural distortions, altering the effective Coulomb energies of the central Nb orbital. Our calculation suggests that the charge transfer gap, the same parameter for determining the QSL regime, is tunable with strain. This finding offers a general strategy for manipulating the charge transfer state in related systems, which may be tuned into the potential QSL regime.