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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

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Hypoxia and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Yue Li1,2,3,4, Long Zhao1,3,4, Xiao-Feng Li1,3,4

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (12387Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
|August 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, in tumors fuels cancer progression by affecting cell growth, blood vessel formation, and immune response. Understanding these effects is crucial for improving tumor detection and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
angiogenesishypoxiahypoxia-targeted therapymetabolismtumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Tumor Microenvironment Research
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Hypoxia is a critical hallmark of the tumor microenvironment.
  • Tumor-associated hypoxia influences fundamental cancer processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of hypoxia on tumor biology.
  • To discuss the implications of hypoxia for cancer detection and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on tumor hypoxia.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on hypoxia-driven tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming.
  • Hypoxia modulates the tumor immune response, often leading to immune evasion.
  • These hypoxia-induced changes correlate with increased tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia significantly contributes to tumor progression and poor patient prognosis.
  • Targeting hypoxia represents a promising strategy for enhancing cancer detection and treatment efficacy.