The pediatric stomach - congenital abnormalities

Michael S Furman1, Susan A Connolly2, Stephen D Brown2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA. furman.m@gmail.com.

Pediatric Radiology
|August 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric stomach imaging can be challenging. Awareness of rare congenital conditions is crucial for diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms in young children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Gastrointestinal Imaging
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Diagnostic imaging of the pediatric stomach presents unique challenges for radiologists.
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms in infants and young children may indicate underlying congenital pathology.
  • Familiarity with uncommon congenital conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight congenital pathologies of the pediatric stomach.
  • To enhance radiologists' awareness of rare congenital abnormalities affecting the pediatric stomach.
  • To provide a resource for identifying and diagnosing congenital stomach conditions in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital pediatric stomach pathologies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic imaging findings in pediatric gastrointestinal cases.
  • Synthesis of information on rare congenital stomach abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Congenital pathologies of the pediatric stomach are diverse and can be challenging to diagnose.
  • Early recognition of these conditions through imaging is critical for timely intervention.
  • Specific imaging features can aid in differentiating various congenital stomach abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists must maintain a high index of suspicion for congenital stomach pathology in pediatric patients with GI symptoms.
  • A comprehensive understanding of congenital stomach diseases improves diagnostic accuracy.
  • This review serves to educate practitioners on recognizing and managing these uncommon conditions.

Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Stomach01:16

Gross Anatomy of the Stomach

The human stomach is a vital part of the digestive system, performing multiple functions. It is located within the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The stomach plays a central role in processing food substances and interacts with other digestive organs through coordinated digestive processes. The stomach has a characteristic J-shape and is divided into four main regions. The cardia is the first section where the esophagus connects to the stomach and is the entry...
1.6K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
39
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
374
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
211
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
1.2K
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
332