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Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis
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Dynamic Nutrient Signaling Networks in Plants.

Lei Li1, Kun-Hsiang Liu1,2, Jen Sheen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; email: leili@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu, sheen@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|August 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Plants utilize sugars, nitrate, and phosphate through complex signaling networks. These nutrient signals coordinate gene expression, metabolism, and growth, influencing plant survival and development.

Keywords:
HEXOKINASE1HXK1SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1SNRK1TARGET OF RAPAMYCINTORglucose signalingnitrate signalingphosphate signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Nutrient Metabolism

Background:

  • Nutrients are essential for life, involving intricate sensing, signaling, and metabolic pathways.
  • Distinct nutrient signaling networks coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of sugars, nitrate, and phosphate in plant signaling networks.
  • To highlight advances in understanding nutrient integration and its impact on plant development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on plant nutrient signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in nutrient sensing and response.

Main Results:

  • Key regulators like HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SNRK1) mediate sugar and energy signaling.
  • Progress in nitrate sensing, calcium signaling, and root-shoot communication influences plant biomass and architecture.
  • Phosphate signaling, both intracellular and extracellular, connects with nitrate and sugar signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient signaling networks dynamically orchestrate plant responses to environmental cues.
  • These networks reprogram transcriptional, translational, and metabolic processes, modulating growth and development.