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The hindrances to perform the COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil
Matheus Negri Boschiero1,2, Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim1,2, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson1,2
1Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
Insights
Brazil
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Brazil, a COVID-19 epicenter, faces significant challenges in its vaccination program.
- Inefficiencies in vaccine distribution and uptake hinder effective pandemic control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the Brazilian COVID-19 vaccination plan.
- To identify and discuss hindrances impacting vaccination plan efficiency.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of vaccine distribution data.
- Correlation analysis between vaccine allocation and demographic/epidemiological factors.
- Review of logistical and socio-political challenges.
Main Results:
- Geographical challenges and storage requirements impact vaccine delivery.
- Prioritization of indigenous populations and healthcare workers influenced distribution.
- Antivaccine movements and politicization pose significant barriers.
- Vaccine distribution correlated strongly with COVID-19 cases, deaths, GDP, and population density, not ICU distribution or incidence/mortality rates.
- Over 83 million vaccine doses distributed, with Coronavac, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer being primary vaccines.
Conclusions:
- The Federal Government must address identified hindrances.
- Implementing targeted solutions is crucial to optimize COVID-19 immunization in Brazil.
Introduction:
Brazil is one of the epicenters of COVID-19 pandemic and faces several hindrances to make his COVID-19 vaccination plan efficient.
Methods:
The Brazilian COVID-19 vaccination plan was evaluated and the hindrances to make the COVID-19 vaccination plan efficient were described and discussed.
Results:
High territorial extension might contribute to a delay on the COVID-19 vaccination, due to difficulty in delivering vaccines to furthest Brazilian states and to all the interior cities. The choice among the vaccines should be done based on the type of storage and must consider the transport conditions necessary to maintain its effectiveness. The indigenous individuals were included with health-care workers as the first group to be vaccinated, inflaming the number of vaccines doses distributed in states where the indigenous population have higher prevalence. The antivaccine movement and the politicization of the vaccine are also hindrances to be overcome in Brazil. The COVID-19 incidence or mortality rate and the distribution of intensive care units (ICUs) are not a criterion to distribute the vaccines, as we did not identify a correlation between these markers and the number of vaccines. However, a strong or very strong correlation occurred between the number of COVID-19 vaccines and the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths by COVID-19, gross domestic product, as well as populational density. A total of 83,280,475 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were distributed in Brazil. In the first dose, the Coronavac (Sinovac™), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca/Oxford™), and BNT162b (Pfizer/BioNTech™) vaccines were responsible to vaccinate, respectively, 9.61%, 6.69%, and 0.35% of the Brazilian population. In the second dose, the Coronavac, AZD1222, and BNT162b vaccines were responsible to vaccinate, respectively, 7.52%, 0.53%, and <0.01% of the Brazilian population.
Conclusions:
The Federal Government must evaluate the hindrances and propose solutions to maximize the immunization against COVID-19 on Brazil.
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