Epilepsy and Pregnancy: An Audit of Specialized Care

Caring for women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy poses unique challenges. We conducted an audit of the care our epilepsy clinic provided to pregnant WWE.

We performed a retrospective study on all pregnancies followed by an epileptologist at a Canadian tertiary care centre's epilepsy clinic between January 2003 and March 2021. Among 81 pregnancies in 53 patients, 72 pregnancies in 50 patients were analyzed to determine patient-related, follow-up-related, antiseizure-medication-related, and child-related pregnancy characteristics. Univariate analyses were performed to explore if these characteristics were associated with disabling seizure occurrence during pregnancy.

Most pregnancies were intended (72%) and occurred in women who used folic acid pre-pregnancy (76%) and who followed recommended blood tests for antiseizure medication (ASM) levels (71%). In 49% of pregnancies, ASM dosage was modified; 53% of these modifications were made in response to ASM blood levels. Most often used ASMs were lamotrigine (43%), followed by carbamazepine (32%) and levetiracetam (13%). One child was born with a thyroglossal duct cyst; our congenital malformation rate was thus 2%. Disabling seizures occurred in 24% of pregnancies. Exploratory analyses suggested that disabling seizure occurrence during pregnancy was associated with younger patient age (p = 0.018), higher number of ASMs used during pregnancy (p = 0.048), lamotrigine usage in polytherapy (p = 0.008), and disabling seizure occurrence pre-pregnancy (p = 0.027).

This Canadian audit provides an in-depth description of pregnancies benefiting from specialized epilepsy care. Our results suggest an association between disabling seizure occurrence during pregnancy and lamotrigine usage in polytherapy that warrants further evaluation.