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The Term Newborn: Prenatal Substance Exposure.

Courtney Townsel1, Torri D Metz2, Maya Bunik3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1540 East Hospital Drive SPC 4262, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

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Pregnant patients with substance use disorder require nonjudgmental care, recognizing addiction as a chronic illness. Universal screening during prenatal care and timely referral improve outcomes for mothers and infants.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) in pregnancy presents significant challenges to maternal and infant health.
  • Addiction is a chronic medical illness requiring compassionate and evidence-based care.
  • Nonjudgmental approaches are crucial for establishing therapeutic relationships and improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of nonjudgmental care for pregnant patients with SUD.
  • To review adverse perinatal outcomes associated with various substance exposures.
  • To provide guidance on managing substance exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Main Methods:

  • Universal screening for substance use during prenatal care.
  • Utilizing validated screening tools for accurate identification of SUD.
  • Evaluation and referral for treatment for patients screening positive for substance use.

Main Results:

  • Specific adverse perinatal outcomes linked to diverse substance use are detailed.
  • Guidance is provided for managing substance exposure in the context of continued breastfeeding.
  • Nonjudgmental care and recognition of addiction as a chronic illness are highlighted as key to improved outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Screening all pregnant patients for substance use is essential during prenatal care.
  • Prompt evaluation and appropriate treatment referrals are necessary for positive screening results.
  • A nonjudgmental approach, viewing addiction as a chronic illness, is fundamental for effective perinatal care and improved outcomes.