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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
The Term Newborn: Prenatal Substance Exposure
Courtney Townsel1, Torri D Metz2, Maya Bunik3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1540 East Hospital Drive SPC 4262, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Abstract:
Care for pregnant patients with substance use disorder must be provided in a nonjudgmental manner with recognition of addiction as a chronic medical illness in order to establish a therapeutic relationship and improve outcomes. All pregnant patients should be screened for substance use during prenatal care. Screening can be accomplished through several validated screening tools. Patients who screen positive need to be evaluated and referred for treatment as appropriate. This article reviews specific adverse perinatal outcomes associated with the use of a variety of substances and provides guidance on exposure with continued breastfeeding.
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