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The Clinical Implication of Dynamic Hematological Parameters in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study in Chongqing, China
Huan Yang1,2, Yuan Xu2, Zhijie Li2
1School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
Insights
COVID-19 infection alters blood cell counts, with lower lymphocyte and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) indicating severe disease. Dynamic changes in lymphocyte and NLR levels can help distinguish severe from non-severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global health concern.
- Understanding clinical and hematological characteristics is crucial for disease management.
- Identifying reliable biomarkers can aid in assessing disease severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Chongqing.
- To identify potential hematological markers for disease severity assessment.
- To compare hematological features between non-severe and severe COVID-19 groups.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 78 COVID-19 patients was divided into non-severe and severe groups.
- Clinical characteristics and hematological parameters were analyzed.
- Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate marker diagnostic performance.
Main Results:
- Severe COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) compared to non-severe patients.
- Lymphocyte count had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.74.
- Dynamic changes in lymphocyte and NLR levels were observed, with lower lymphocyte and LMR in severe cases, and higher neutrophils and NLR during different disease phases.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 infection significantly alters blood cell counts, including lymphocyte, neutrophil, LMR, and NLR.
- Lymphocyte and NLR levels, particularly their dynamic changes, can help differentiate between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases.
- These hematological markers offer potential for monitoring disease progression and severity.
Purpose:
To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Chongqing, and identify the potential hematological markers for reference.
Patients And Methods:
78 COVID-19-infected patients in Chongqing were recruited and divided into the non-severe and the severe group. The clinical characteristics and hematological features of the patients of the two groups were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of potential markers, and the dynamic changes of blood routine analyzing items were compared between the non-severe and severe groups.
Results:
78 patients (median age of 45 years, 41 females and 37 males) were enrolled. The patients in the severe group exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte (P<0.05) but higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P<0.05) than the patients in the non-severe group. The highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) was lymphocyte (0.74). The patients in the severe group had a lower level of lymphocyte during hospitalization (P<0.01) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in the progressive and convalescent phases (P<0.05) than the patients in the non-severe group. However, the level of neutrophil of the patients in the severe group was higher in the progressive phase (P<0.05), and so was NLR in the acute, progressive, and convalescent-phase (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
Infected with COVID-19 changed the levels of lymphocyte, neutrophil, LMR, and NLR in the blood, and these analyzing items were significantly different between the non-severe and severe groups. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of lymphocyte and NLR levels may help discriminate the severe group from the non-severe group.
