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Related Concept Videos

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

3.4K
The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
3.4K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.6K
Pancreas01:19

Pancreas

1.4K
The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short...
1.4K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

5.2K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
5.2K
Pancreatic Juice and Secretion01:26

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

1.8K
Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...
1.8K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

40.6K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
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Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

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Pancreas-Brain Crosstalk.

Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren1, Onanong Mee-Inta2, Zi-Wei Zhao2

  • 1Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural regulation of glucose homeostasis is key for pancreatic islet function. Understanding the neuro-insular network offers new diabetes and obesity treatment strategies.

Keywords:
circumventricular organsenteropancreaticintrapancreatic gangliapancreasparasympathetic nervous systemsympathetic nervous system

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High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network
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High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network

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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

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Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Metabolic disease research
  • Autonomic nervous system function

Background:

  • Glucose homeostasis relies on pancreatic islet-cell function, modulated by neural control.
  • Pancreatic innervation is crucial, as its compromise leads to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • Despite its importance, the specific innervation of pancreatic islets remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neuroanatomical and humoral mechanisms underlying the communication between the endocrine pancreas and neuronal systems.
  • To highlight the significance of understanding the neuro-insular network for metabolic disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroanatomical studies.
  • Analysis of humoral factors involved in neuro-insular cross-talk.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on neural regulation of glucose homeostasis.

Main Results:

  • The pancreas is richly innervated, with complex interactions between islet cells and autonomic/sensory neurons.
  • Neural pathways significantly influence islet cell function in both normal and challenged metabolic states.
  • Dysfunctional pancreatic innervation is linked to islet autoimmunity and cell dysfunction in diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network is essential.
  • This knowledge can pave the way for novel neuromodulation-based therapies for diabetes and obesity.
  • Targeting the neuro-insular axis presents a promising avenue for metabolic disease prevention and treatment.