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Perceiving numerosity does not cause automatic shifts of spatial attention.

Michele Pellegrino1, Mario Pinto2, Fabio Marson3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. michele.pellegrino@uniroma1.it.

Experimental Brain Research
|August 6, 2021
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Summary

Perceiving number quantities, even non-symbolic ones like dot clouds, does not automatically shift spatial attention. This research suggests no inherent link between number representation and directional spatial awareness.

Keywords:
AttentionNumber magnitudeNumerositySpace-Number Association

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Numerical Cognition

Background:

  • The spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect suggests a link between number magnitude and spatial representation.
  • Previous studies on symbolic numbers (e.g., Arabic numerals) yielded mixed results regarding automatic spatial attention shifts.
  • The current research investigates this association using non-symbolic numerosities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if perceiving non-symbolic numerosities (dot clouds) influences spatial attention.
  • To test whether small numerosities direct attention leftward and large numerosities direct attention rightward.
  • To investigate the automaticity of potential number-magnitude-space associations.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants viewed central dot clouds of small or large numerosity, followed by a target on the left or right.
  • Experiment 2: Participants identified a color change in one of two lateral dot clouds, which varied in numerosity relative to a central reference.
  • Behavioral measures (reaction times) were used to assess attentional shifts.

Main Results:

  • Central non-symbolic numerosities did not bias attention to either the left or right side of space in Experiment 1.
  • Attention was not preferentially directed to the left for smaller numerosities or the right for larger numerosities in Experiment 2.
  • No evidence was found for automatic spatial attention shifts driven by non-symbolic numerosity perception.

Conclusions:

  • Perceiving non-symbolic numerosity does not automatically trigger directional shifts in spatial attention.
  • The findings challenge the notion of an inherent association between numerical magnitude representation and spatial direction.
  • This suggests that spatial biases in number processing might be more dependent on symbolic representations or learned associations.