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Diffusion tensor imaging reveals neuronal microstructural changes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue

Kiran Thapaliya1,2, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik1, Donald Staines1

  • 1National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural brain changes in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients meeting International Consensus Criteria. These findings suggest DTI could serve as a biomarker for ME/CFS pathophysiology.

Keywords:
diffusion tensor imagingmyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrometissue microstructurewhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) involves central nervous system dysfunction.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique used to study white matter microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructural brain abnormalities in ME/CFS patients using DTI.
  • To explore the potential of DTI parameters as imaging biomarkers for ME/CFS pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • DTI parameters were estimated in 25 ME/CFS patients (Fukuda criteria), 18 ME/CFS patients (International Consensus Criteria - ICC), and 26 healthy controls (HC).
  • Voxel-based group comparisons and regressions with clinical/autonomic measures were performed.

Main Results:

  • ME/CFS patients meeting ICC criteria showed decreased axial and mean diffusivity in the cortico-cerebellar tract and increased transverse diffusivity in the medulla.
  • Reduced mode of anisotropy was observed in the superior longitudinal fasciculus in ME/CFS (ICC) patients.
  • Abnormal DTI parameter regressions with clinical measures (information processing, physical function, sleep, respiration) were found in ME/CFS (ICC) patients.

Conclusions:

  • DTI parameters are sensitive to microstructural changes in ME/CFS patients meeting ICC criteria.
  • DTI may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for abnormal ME/CFS pathophysiology.
  • Strict adherence to case definitions is crucial for ME/CFS research.