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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

16.1K
Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

62.0K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

1.6K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Overview
31.8K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

6.7K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody
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Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: January 24, 2017

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Antibody engineering and its therapeutic applications.

Divya Kandari1, Rakesh Bhatnagar1,2,3

  • 1Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

International Reviews of Immunology
|August 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Antibody engineering technologies (AET) have revolutionized antibody development, creating next-generation antibodies. These advancements address limitations and expand applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, and research.

Keywords:
Antibodies (Abs)Antibody Engineering Technologies (AET)Antibody TherapeuticsBispecific Antibodies (BsAbs)Next-generation Antibodies

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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

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Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
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Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody
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Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: January 24, 2017

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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

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Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
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Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • Antibodies (Abs) are crucial for host defense against pathogens and infected cells.
  • Antibodies have significantly impacted human health, dominating bio-therapeutics and bio-diagnostics.
  • The potential of Ab-based biologics to address unmet clinical needs is vast.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody engineering technologies (AET) overcome limitations of natural antibodies.
  • AET enables the development of advanced antibody formats and derivatives.
  • Next-generation antibodies are transforming therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes.