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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Oxygen Sensitivity
Robert S Fitzgerald1, Asuncion Rocher2
1Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 6, 2021
Summary
Mammals use specialized oxygen sensors in organs like the carotid body to maintain gas homeostasis. Malfunctioning oxygen sensing can lead to severe cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Cellular Biology
- Medical Science
Background:
- Oxygen is vital for mammalian metabolism and survival.
- Specialized oxygen-sensing pathways are crucial for maintaining physiological balance.
- Dysregulation of oxygen sensing contributes to various diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize mammalian oxygen sensors and their mechanisms.
- To explore the cellular and molecular functions of oxygen sensing.
- To discuss the link between oxygen sensing dysregulation and disease pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Review of identified mammalian oxygen sensors (carotid body, aortic bodies, astrocytes).
- Analysis of oxygen detection mechanisms.
- Examination of cellular and molecular functions in respiratory and circulatory control.
Main Results:
- Identified key oxygen sensors and their roles in maintaining O2 homeostasis.
- Detailed the mechanisms by which these sensors detect oxygen levels.
- Highlighted the contribution of these systems to normal physiology.
Conclusions:
- Oxygen sensing is critical for survival and normal physiological function.
- Dysregulation of oxygen sensing pathways can lead to significant health issues.
- Understanding these systems is vital for addressing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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