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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Jernej Brecelj1,2, Rok Orel1,2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, driven by genetic and environmental factors. Lifestyle changes are key treatments, but early intervention is crucial to prevent serious liver complications.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is increasing globally.
  • Regularly updated research highlights the growing body of evidence on NAFLD in children.
  • NAFLD in children is increasingly recognized as a component of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  • To synthesize information on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To inform clinical practice and public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of original clinical studies, reviews, and guidelines.
  • Inclusion of relevant studies focusing on pediatric NAFLD.
  • Classification of 138 retrieved papers into key research areas.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD pathogenesis involves the 'multi-hit hypothesis' with genetic and environmental interactions.
  • Rising prevalence of pediatric NAFLD is confirmed.
  • Diagnosis requires exclusion of other causes, utilizing lab tests, imaging, and biopsy.
  • Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise) is the primary treatment.
  • Progression to pediatric liver cirrhosis is a documented risk.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric NAFLD is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome.
  • Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Public health involvement is essential for addressing the high prevalence and complex etiology.

Keywords:
dietlifestyle modificationobesitypediatric fatty liver diseasephysical activity

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