Exploring electroactive microenvironments in polymer-based nanocomposites to sensitize bacterial cells to low-dose
Joana Moreira1, Margarida M Fernandes1, Estela O Carvalho1
1Centre of Physics, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
Acta Biomaterialia
|August 6, 2021
Summary
This study developed novel antibacterial nanocomposites combining piezoelectric polymers and silver nanoparticles. Mechanical stimulation creates an electrical environment that enhances the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against resistant bacteria.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biotechnology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance necessitates novel strategies beyond conventional antibiotics.
- Physical stimuli offer a promising avenue to overcome bacterial resistance.
- Synergistic approaches combining materials and physical methods are crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop antibacterial nanocomposites using piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
- To investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity induced by mechanical stimulation of these nanocomposites.
- To assess the biocompatibility of the developed materials for potential biomedical applications.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of PVDF-TrFE/AgNPs nanocomposite films (porous and non-porous).
- Mechanical stimulation of films using a lab-made mechanical bioreactor at 4 Hz.
- Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- Assessment of mammalian cell viability to determine biocompatibility.
Main Results:
- Mechanical stimulation of PVDF-TrFE/AgNPs films generated an electroactive microenvironment.
- The nanocomposites exhibited significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, particularly against S. epidermidis (over 80% reduction).
- The synergistic effect allowed sensitization of bacteria to low doses of AgNPs (1.69% w/w) and the material demonstrated biocompatibility with mammalian cells.
Conclusions:
- Piezoelectric stimulation of PVDF-based films with AgNPs offers a breakthrough in combating antimicrobial resistance.
- This technology leverages mechanical stimuli for potent antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, suitable for hospital settings.
- The developed nanocomposites represent a promising alternative for antibacterial coatings on medical devices.
