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Oral function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: A matched case-control study.

Martin Schimmel1, Igor Leuchter2, Anne-Chantal Héritier Barras3

  • 1Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

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Summary

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients exhibit impaired oral function and body composition, including reduced chewing performance and lower fat-free mass. Chewing performance, fat-free mass index, and saliva weight are key indicators differentiating ALS patients from healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Chewing efficiencyFat-free massLip forceOral functionSalivaTongue force

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oral Health
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.
  • Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) are a common and debilitating symptom in ALS patients.
  • Understanding oral function and body composition changes is crucial for managing ALS progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare oral function and body composition between ALS patients and healthy controls.
  • To identify the most significant parameters that discriminate between ALS patients and healthy individuals.
  • To evaluate the relationship between oral function parameters in ALS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Inclusion of ALS patients at the start of multidisciplinary follow-up and age-, gender-, and dental status-matched healthy adults.
  • Assessment of disease severity (ALS Functional Rating Scale) and swallowing difficulties (EAT-10 score).
  • Measurement of intraoral dental status, chewing performance, bite force, lip and tongue force, saliva weight, and body composition, followed by linear discriminant analysis.

Main Results:

  • ALS patients demonstrated significantly lower chewing performance, lip force, tongue force, saliva weight, and fat-free mass index compared to controls.
  • ALS patients also presented with a higher EAT-10 score, indicating more severe swallowing difficulties.
  • Chewing performance in ALS patients correlated negatively with bite and tongue force, and the most discriminant parameters were chewing performance, fat-free mass index, and saliva weight.

Conclusions:

  • ALS patients exhibit significant alterations in oral function and body composition compared to healthy individuals.
  • Chewing performance, fat-free mass index, and saliva volume are the most effective parameters for distinguishing between ALS patients and controls.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these oral parameters can predict patient outcomes.