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Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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Fatigue Measured in Dynamic Versus Isometric Modes After Trail Running Races of Various Distances.

Jerome Koral, Marie Fanget, Laurianne Imbert

    International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
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    Summary

    Trail running causes significant fatigue, with isometric force reductions being 2-3 times larger than dynamic force losses. Race distance impacts fatigue similarly whether measured isometrically or dynamically.

    Keywords:
    dynamic exerciseisometric maximal voluntary contractionneuromuscular fatigue assessmentpower-force-velocity profile

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Science
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Previous studies on trail running fatigue relied on maximal isometric force measurements.
    • Isometric contractions may not fully represent fatigue-induced changes during dynamic activities like trail running.
    • Dynamic evaluations are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of trail running fatigue.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the magnitude of decrement in maximal isometric force versus maximal dynamic force, power, and velocity after trail running races.
    • To investigate the influence of race distance (40-170 km) on fatigue parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Nineteen trail runners completed races <60 km, and 21 completed races >100 km.
    • Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (IMVCs) of knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured.
    • Maximal 7-second cycle ergometer sprints were performed pre- and post-race to assess dynamic performance.

    Main Results:

    • Maximal power output (Pmax), theoretical maximum force (F0), and velocity significantly decreased post-race.
    • Dynamic parameters, except theoretical maximum velocity, showed greater reductions after longer races (>100 km).
    • Reductions in IMVCs were significantly larger (2-3 times) than reductions in Pmax and F0, despite a correlation between them.

    Conclusions:

    • Isometric force losses are not interchangeable with dynamic force reductions in trail running fatigue assessment.
    • The impact of race distance on fatigue is consistent whether measured using isometric or dynamic parameters.
    • Dynamic measures are crucial for a complete picture of trail running-induced fatigue.