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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Acid Microenvironment in Bone Sarcomas.

Gemma Di Pompo1, Margherita Cortini1, Nicola Baldini1,2

  • 1Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.

Cancers
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular acidosis drives bone sarcoma malignancy by promoting cancer cell stemness and invasion. Targeting acidosis offers a promising therapeutic strategy for bone cancer treatment.

Keywords:
acid-sensing ion channelsacridine orangebone sarcomacarbonic anhydrase IXextracellular acidosistumour microenvironmenttumour-associated stromavacuolar-ATP-ase

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular proton accumulation (acidosis) is a key driver of bone sarcoma malignancy.
  • Acidosis enhances cancer stemness, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance.
  • It also reprograms the tumor microenvironment and affects bone homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on extracellular acidosis in bone sarcomas.
  • To focus on the bone microenvironment's role in acidosis.
  • To discuss acid-targeting therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on bone sarcomas and acidosis.
  • Analysis of the bone microenvironment's contribution to acidosis.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging acid-targeting therapies.

Main Results:

  • Acidosis arises from altered cancer cell metabolism and osteoclast activity.
  • Proton extrusion involves transporters like vacuolar ATPase and carbonic anhydrase IX.
  • Acidosis impacts normal bone cells via acid-sensing ion channels.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular acidosis is a critical factor in bone sarcoma progression.
  • Understanding the bone microenvironment is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting acidosis presents a viable therapeutic avenue for bone sarcomas.