Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Related to Coffee Consumption in Korea? A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Coffee consumption is gradually increasing in Korea. As a result, interest in the relationship between coffee consumption and various diseases is growing. Several factors affect the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and coffee consumption may be related. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012-2016). A total of 12,465 eligible participants (4819 men and 7646 women) were included in the study. Participants with RA were defined as those who were diagnosed and currently being treated by physicians. Daily coffee consumption amounts were categorized as none, <1 cup, 1-2 cups, 2-3 cups, and ≥3 cups a day based on a self-report. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed, and we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the odds of participants having RA with respect to coffee consumption. Compared to the no-coffee group, the ORs for RA in the <1 cup and 1-2 cups groups were 2.99 (95% CI 0.33-27.28) and 2.63 (95% CI 0.31-22.63) in men, respectively, and the ORs for RA for women in the <1 cup, 1-2 cups, 2-3 cups, and ≥3 cups groups were 0.62 (95% CI 0.31-1.26), 0.67 (95% CI 0.33-1.37), 1.08 (95% CI 0.35-3.36), and 1.43 (95% CI 0.25-8.36), respectively. Our study concludes, therefore, that daily coffee consumption is not related to the prevalence of RA in the general Korean population.