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Updated: Oct 25, 2025

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Published on: August 30, 2019
Tying Small Changes to Large Outcomes: The Cautious Promise in Incorporating the Microbiome into Immunotherapy
Justin Chau1, Jun Zhang2,3
1Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
Abstract:
The role of the microbiome in immunology is a rapidly burgeoning topic of study. Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancers, along with the recognition that carcinogenesis has been linked to dysregulations of the immune system, much attention is now directed at potentiation of ICI efficacy, as well as minimizing the incidence of treatment-associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We provide an overview of the major research establishing links between the microbiome to tumorigenesis, chemotherapy and radiation potentiation, and ICI efficacy and irAE development.
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