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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 25, 2025

Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction
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Detecting and Profiling Endogenous RNA G-Quadruplexes in the Human Transcriptome.

Rongxin Zhang1, Yajun Liu1,2, Xingxing Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study maps RNA G-quadruplexes across the human transcriptome, revealing their links to immune responses and COVID-19. RNA G-quadruplexes may regulate miRNA targeting and affect polyadenylation site selection.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexRG4RNA G-quadruplexmiRNA targetingpost-transcriptional regulationtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes are non-canonical nucleic acid structures found in G-rich regions.
  • While DNA G-quadruplexes are well-studied, RNA G-quadruplexes remain less understood, particularly transcriptome-wide.
  • These structures are implicated in various biological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile and map RNA G-quadruplexes across the entire human transcriptome.
  • To investigate the functional implications of RNA G-quadruplexes in biological pathways.
  • To explore the regulatory roles of RNA G-quadruplexes in post-transcriptional processes.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of Dimethyl sulfate sequencing (DMS-seq) with a bioinformatics pipeline.
  • Transcriptome-wide profiling of RNA G-quadruplex structures.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify associated biological pathways and regulatory functions.

Main Results:

  • RNA G-quadruplexes were identified and mapped in the human transcriptome.
  • Genes containing RNA G-quadruplexes are significantly associated with immune pathways and COVID-19-related gene sets.
  • Bioinformatics analysis suggests G-quadruplexes can regulate miRNA targeting and are depleted at putative poly(A) sites.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive view of RNA G-quadruplexes in the human transcriptome.
  • RNA G-quadruplexes play a role in immune responses and may be involved in viral infections like COVID-19.
  • RNA G-quadruplexes have potential regulatory functions in miRNA targeting and polyadenylation, impacting post-transcriptional regulation.