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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
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Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Phospholipids: Identification and Implication in Muscle Pathophysiology.

Rezlène Bargui1, Audrey Solgadi2, Bastien Prost2

  • 1Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, CNRS UMR8251, Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Phospholipids (PLs) are vital cell components, crucial for membranes, signaling, and metabolism. Dysregulation of PL homeostasis is linked to human diseases, often with muscular symptoms.

Keywords:
diseaseendoplasmic reticulummass spectrometrymembranemitochondriamusclephospholipids

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic molecules essential for cellular life, forming membranes and participating in signaling and metabolism.
  • Historically viewed as structural components, PLs are now recognized as environmental sensors and metabolic regulators.
  • Growing evidence links genetic variations in PL biosynthesis and remodeling to human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental characteristics of phospholipids.
  • To highlight advancements in PL detection and identification methods.
  • To examine diseases associated with disrupted PL homeostasis, particularly those with muscular phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of phospholipid characteristics.
  • Overview of current PL detection and identification techniques.
  • Analysis of genetic and clinical data related to PL homeostasis disorders.

Main Results:

  • Phospholipids play critical roles beyond membrane structure, including cell signaling and metabolic regulation.
  • Advanced detection methods are crucial for understanding PL functions.
  • Disruptions in PL homeostasis are implicated in various human diseases, frequently presenting with muscle-related symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Phospholipids are dynamic regulators of cellular processes.
  • Understanding PL homeostasis is vital for diagnosing and potentially treating associated diseases.
  • Further research into PL metabolism and its link to muscular disorders is warranted.